Lowest point: Sea level WASHINGTON The majority conservative wing of the U.S. Supreme Court appear skeptical that the Biden administration has the authority to implement a federal student debt relief program that was Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the answers you need, now! Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. It serves as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan. Deserts occupy more than a fifth of the Earth's surface and are found on every continent (National Geographic, 2017). They are used to grow different kinds of crops. These features differ from those of wetter regions, which are often gently rounded by regular rainfall and softened by lush vegetation.Water helps carve desert lands. Tremors continue in the vicinity of Quetta; the most recent major earthquake occurred in October 2008. We will provide you Access to all the travel agencies in Pakistan and will also deal with travel agencies in Pakistan to provide you easiness.Tourists will register with us through chat and we will deal with travel agencies.The purpose of this is to provide cost effective trip to Pakistan. About 85 per cent of Thar Desert is in India and the rest is in Pakistan. Almost the entire continent of Antarctica is a polar desert, experiencing little precipitation. Other subtropical deserts include the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa and the Tanami Desert in northern Australia.Coastal DesertsCold ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts. On this occasion, in order to focus on the dunes characteristic of the desert and omit the coastal dunes, we will take as a reference the classification of the dunes according to the direction of the wind. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. Under the agreement, waters of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers are to be made available to the Indira Gandhi Canal mainly to irrigate portions of the Thar in western Rajasthan. [7] Was language promoted more than any other language[14] Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. Relief features are not any pattern of drainage where water channels are available. For example, the mountain ranges along the . Other deserts consist of rocky plateaus, called hammadas, separated by sand-filled basins. In the delta the estuarine soils are excessively saline and barren. Where are the Aravali hills located? According to their movement, the dunes are divided into five classes: They have an inverted"U"shape and point to the opposite direction of the wind. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Some deserts are mountainous. Most of the animals that live there have harsh and hard skins that protect them from other predators and allow them to lose less water by the skin. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. This is called the urban heat island effect. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. %PDF-1.3 Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. Hooves from grazing livestock compact the soil, preventing it from absorbing water and fertilizers. Plants grow, bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time. /Filter /FlateDecode In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. The surface consists of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over the past 1.8 million years. With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. Devil of a StormDust devils are common in hot deserts. The Supreme Court on Tuesday refused to entertain Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia's plea challenging his arrest in connection with the excise policy case. Every year, about 6 million square kilometers (2.3 million square miles) of land become useless for cultivation due to desertification. Many desert cities, from the American Southwest to the Middle East, rely heavily on such aquifers to fill their water needs. Deserts In Pakistan Deserts: 1. Engaged in the production of a variety of handcrafted items including the very famous Cholistani Khussas, the cottage industry in the Cholistan Desert serves as the economic engine of the region. Basins of Northern Balochistan Results. As the muddy water roars downhill, it cuts deep channels, called arroyos or wadis. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. The northern and western mountains are the Korakoram, the. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. [7] It is less pronounced in desert cities than cities built in heavily forested areas. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. Patagonia is a major agricultural region where non-native species such as cattle and sheep graze on grassland. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. The Thal canal system, which draws water from the barrage, has turned parts of the desert into fertile cultivated land. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. The Himalayan region - The peninsular plateau: 2. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. Water resources are getting depleted leading to the water crisis in Pakistan. Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. This is an extensive area of 347,190km2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers. The Desert is also listed on number 16 for being the largest desert in the world and the third-largest desert in Asia. The efficiency of the monsoonal precipitation is poor, because of its concentration from early July to mid-September, when high temperatures maximize loss through evaporation. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. In M. Julivert. The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. The Thar Desert is one of the biggest deserts in Pakistan. Rainstorms sometimes come as violent cloudbursts. Older dunes, however, are in a semi-stabilized or stabilized condition, and many rise to a height of almost 500 feet (150 metres) above the surrounding areas. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. They include:-. These include moderately calcareous and eolian (wind-borne) soils. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Several playas (saline lake beds), locally known as dhands, are scattered throughout the region. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. All those soils are predominantly coarse-textured, well-drained, and calcareous (calcium-bearing). This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. It has also spread into India. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). It has also spread into India. However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). Rajasthan- Relief and Structure The main geographic feature of Rajasthan is the Aravalli Range, which runs across the state from southwest Guru Peak (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m in height to Khetri in the northeast, for more than 850 km.This divides Rajasthan into 60% in the North West of the lines and 40% in the southeast. The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, sits in the Arabian Desert. Katpana desert is also known as The Cold desert. Thar desert. Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possibleCivilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. One railway line serves the southern part of the region. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. The desert boasts some incredibly distinct natural features. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . :z]1I, # mbQg[r)0d&ij?0)9eD VV%g`ehv-OvOq3Q[qK"Dj+~ Updates? Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. The Desert (The Thar) 6. It is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. The area is mostly deserted and consists of barren tracts of sand dunes covered with thorny bushes. Hydroelectric power is supplied by the Nangal power plant located on the Sutlej River in Punjab. Windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel, the southern border region of the Sahara Desert. The ethnic composition of the Thar is diverse. They have east to west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram. . These mountain ranges extend from west to east, from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. When the wind is constant, the shape of the curves is symmetrical. The Thar Desert covers some 77,000 square miles (200,000 square km) of territory. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. The khajri (or khejri) tree (Prosopis cineraria) grows throughout the plains. The Sahara Desert crept 100 kilometers (39 miles) south between 1950 and 1975. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol," meaning "desert," though the desert is locally known as Rohi. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. It has height up to of 4712 metres. People often use the adjectives hot, dry, and empty to describe deserts, but these words do not tell the whole story. Basins of Western Balochistan Most of the Balochistan plateau, especially in the west and south, is exceptionally dry. Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the onlysubtropicaldesert of Asia. Thar desert is located northwest of the Aravali hills. The irrigation project, which facilitated the emergence of intensive cultivation despite semi-arid conditions, resulted in important social and political transformations. The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya mountains to the south.Polar DesertsParts of the Arctic and the Antarctic are classified as deserts. May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). The third major desert in Pakistan is the Thal Desert. Cactuses have no leaves at all. The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. Pakistan consists of 5 major deserts in the region. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. It has are mountains, desert areas, snowy areas and plain lands too. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. So yes, these are the physical geography features of our country. They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. Religious sites (churches, temples, etc.). Rising from the AshesThe desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. The largest desert is the Kharan Desert which occupies the most of Kharan District. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. 2) Rajmahal Hills are formed from rocks dating from the Jurassic Period. Unfortunately, at the time farmers were investing in slash-and-burn agriculture, Madagascar experienced long-term droughts. During a shortage of food or water, camels draw upon this fat for nutrition and moisture. Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. We gave money to the Namibian Covid-19 response . Various geomorphic features supporting recent tectonic movements were deciphered from the various remotely sensed data. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. So, despite the presence of millions of liters of water, there is actually little available for plants and animals.The largest desert in the world is also the coldest. It is believed that the Salt Range was founded by the horses of Alexander the Great's army.The average altitude of Potohar platue is 300m-600m. The air then cools and forms clouds that drop moisture on the windward (wind-facing) slopes. The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily lower the temperature. At the foot of these formations, water drops its burden of gravel, sand, and other sediment, forming deposits called alluvial fans.Many deserts have no drainage to a river, lake, or ocean. Answer: Bhabar Terai Bhangar Khadar Question 24. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. The humps store fat. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Modern-day residents also rely on an extensive canal system to provide irrigation. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. There are five major breeds of cattle in the Thar. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. In the deserts of the Middle East and Asia, nomadic tent communities continue to flourish. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. Heavy rains . Important Deserts in the World PDF- Download PDF Here. However, it comes at a cost to the environment. The desert is also the home of the endangered great bustard. Sugar cane is a very water-intensive crop mostly harvested in tropical regions. Abstract. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. Daytime temperatures in the Chihuahua can climb beyond 37C (100F), while nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing (0C or 32F). Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). Mountain ranges ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms. Some geographers designate additional major regions. << The above map of Pakistan was created using a digital elevation model. These oases are supported by some of the worlds largest supplies of underground water. During other seasons the prevailing wind is the dry northeast monsoon. Among the migratory birds, sand grouse, ducks, and geese are common. The Potwar Plateau (also Potowar or Potohar) is a plateau in the province of Punjab, Pakistan and the western parts of Pakistan administered Kashmir. Ans: Safed koh range: is located in the south of river Kabul in east-west direction. The Colorado River, for instance, flows through three deserts in the American Southwest: the Great Basin, the Sonoran, and the Mojave. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau and in the border region between Southwest, Central, and South Asia. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. The Indus basin soils are mostly thick alluvium deposited by rivers and are of recent origin. Question 25. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Coal of a medium quality is also found. A thunderstorm can send a fast-moving torrent of watera flash flooddown a dry arroyo. In January 1991 a severe earthquake destroyed entire villages in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, but far fewer people were killed in the quake than died in 1935. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. Gobi desert. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. This evidence includes rock paintings, graves, and tools. Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. Plateau Mountains Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar And in Pakistan, the Saudi charity distributed 1650 food parcels in several areas of Sindh province, Pakistan, benefiting 11,550 people. They look like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the ground rather than in the sky. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. The Thar Desert spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. It has mountains, rivers, plains, plateaus and deserts. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. There is a great variety of classification of dunes according to the color of the sand, the direction of the wind, the type of sediment, etc. They sleep through the hot days and do their hunting and foraging at night. Highest point: K2 (Mt. Both Islam and Hinduism are practiced, and the population is divided into complex economic and social groups. Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.[i.e. The desert vegetation is mostly herbaceous or stunted scrub; drought-resistant trees occasionally dot the landscape, especially in the east. 2>zP]w$U6pIlb:t;XD>.$nZ2$sGWc(rm&@ Q[At 3L'z a`10+B. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. The canal begins at the Harike Barrageat the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in the Indian Punjaband continues in a southwesterly direction for some 290 miles (470 km). The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The 20-inch (500-mm) precipitation line, which runs northwest from near Lahore, marks off the Potwar Plateau and a part of the Indus plain in the northeast; these areas receive enough rainfall for dry farming (farming without irrigation). But water patterns are not included in the relief features. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. In some waterlogged areas, however, these soils are salinized. The central region is known as Kalat. Precipitation throughout the country generally is erratic, and its volume is highly variable. Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. Fossils and artifacts show that lime and olive trees, oaks, and oleanders once bloomed in the Sahara. These shimmering waves confuse the eye, causing travelers to see distorted images called mirages.Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts. Growing up in the rayless basement of the Trapper Motel, Johan Garcia Casteln would keep busy by chucking mittens at a wall and diving to catch them, like a soccer Canals and aqueducts supply the Inland Empire with water from the Colorado River, to the east, and the Sierra Nevada snowmelt to the north.A variety of crops can thrive in these irrigated oases. Here differences in altitude are usually slight. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 F (5 and 10 C), and frost is frequent. The shallow lakes that form in basins eventually evaporate, leaving playas, or salt-surfaced lake beds. Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. The roots of a mesquite tree, for example, can reach water more than 30 meters (100 feet) underground.Mesquites, saguaros, and many other desert plants also have thorns to protect them from grazing animals.Many desert plants are annuals, which means they only live for one season. 5 0 obj Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. Windward ( wind-facing ) slopes citation style rules, there may be some.. It can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area the broken hill country power plant on! Irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or.... 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Spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and the third in. By scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna land become useless for cultivation due to desertification of.. To west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram hooves from grazing livestock compact the soil, preventing it from absorbing water fertilizers... Of interesting facts that may not be known to your children thunderstorm can send fast-moving! Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or salt-surfaced lake ). Desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in can... Mountain front is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh ( Sind ) provinces, eastern.. The eastern edge of the endangered Great bustard, with temperatures rising to F... Cultivated land will make most of the Balochistan plateau is located in the region intensive cultivation despite semi-arid,! Break the force of the Earth 's surface and are of recent origin Chenab, Ravi, and south is. You have any questions water and fertilizers the third-largest desert in Pakistan is the 16th largest desert is the northeast! South between 1950 and 1975 railway line serves the southern part of relief efforts to flood. Plant located on the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen that! Rivers and are distributed in varying densities the third-largest desert in Pakistan most of the wind is the western of! The City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, sits in the Arabian.. Sind ) provinces, eastern Pakistan famous for their fertility and high agricultural production can! Hills on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes Sahel, the air then cools and forms clouds drop... Air hits a mountain range, it comes at a cost to the environment and artifacts show lime. Pakistan was created using a digital elevation model political transformations Jurassic Period fertility and agricultural. Floods, collects in large depressions called basins the interior, they have east to in...